1. Corruption is not a recent phenomenon. It has precisely been defined as a deviant human behaviour, associated with the motivation of private gain at public expense and, as such, has persisted for centuries.
2. Corruption promotes illegality, unethicalism, subjectivity, inequity, injustice, waste, inefficiency and inconsistency in administrative conduct and behaviour.
3.Arthashastra of Kautilya, Kautilya was a sagacious minister in the Kingdom of Chandragupta Maurya (324/321‒297 Before the Common Era).
4. The Arthashastra states that an increase in expenditure and lower revenue collection(parihapan) was an indication of embezzlement of funds by corrupt officials.
( MORE EXPENSES THAN SALARY)
5. He defined self enjoyment (upbhoga) by government functionaries as making use of or causing others to enjoy what belongs to the king.
6. Kautilya prescribed reliance on an elaborate espionage network for detecting financial misappropriation and judicial impropriety. Spies were recruited for their honesty and good conduct.
They were to keep a watch even over the activities of accountants and clerks for reporting cases of fabrication of accounts (avastara).
( ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE & CVC)
7. The threat of fines being imposed and subsequent public embarrassment do deter judicial officials, to some extent, from resorting to corrupt practices. But Kautilya was proactive in laying down traps to catch public functionaries with loose morals and inclination to resort to bribery or seek undue favour.
( CORRUPTION IN JUDICIARY)
8. The strategy he prescribed was for secret agents to take a judge into confidence through informal channels and ask him to pronounce judgments favouring their party in return for a payment. If the deal was fixed, the judge was treated as accepting the bribe and prosecuted accordingly.
( PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION ACT)
9. Interestingly, Kautilya also dealt with the concept of whistleblowers. Any informant (suchaka)who provided details about financial wrongdoing was entitled an award of one-sixth of the amount in question. If the informant happened to be a government servant (bhritaka), he was to be given only one twelfth of the total amount.
( WHISTLE BLOWER ACT)
10. Kautilya also proposed a number of measures to avoid cases of corruption arising at all. Several positions in each department were to be made temporary.
11. Kautilya also favoured the periodic transfer of government servants from one place to another. This was done with the intention of not giving them enough time to pick holes in the system and manipulate it to their advantage.
( TRANSFER)
12.Kautilya also talked about an intra-departmental, self-scrutinising mechanism under the headship of chief officer (adhikarna) to detect and deter imminent cases of corruption.
( ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL)
2. Corruption promotes illegality, unethicalism, subjectivity, inequity, injustice, waste, inefficiency and inconsistency in administrative conduct and behaviour.
3.Arthashastra of Kautilya, Kautilya was a sagacious minister in the Kingdom of Chandragupta Maurya (324/321‒297 Before the Common Era).
4. The Arthashastra states that an increase in expenditure and lower revenue collection(parihapan) was an indication of embezzlement of funds by corrupt officials.
( MORE EXPENSES THAN SALARY)
5. He defined self enjoyment (upbhoga) by government functionaries as making use of or causing others to enjoy what belongs to the king.
6. Kautilya prescribed reliance on an elaborate espionage network for detecting financial misappropriation and judicial impropriety. Spies were recruited for their honesty and good conduct.
They were to keep a watch even over the activities of accountants and clerks for reporting cases of fabrication of accounts (avastara).
( ENFORCEMENT DIRECTORATE & CVC)
7. The threat of fines being imposed and subsequent public embarrassment do deter judicial officials, to some extent, from resorting to corrupt practices. But Kautilya was proactive in laying down traps to catch public functionaries with loose morals and inclination to resort to bribery or seek undue favour.
( CORRUPTION IN JUDICIARY)
8. The strategy he prescribed was for secret agents to take a judge into confidence through informal channels and ask him to pronounce judgments favouring their party in return for a payment. If the deal was fixed, the judge was treated as accepting the bribe and prosecuted accordingly.
( PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION ACT)
9. Interestingly, Kautilya also dealt with the concept of whistleblowers. Any informant (suchaka)who provided details about financial wrongdoing was entitled an award of one-sixth of the amount in question. If the informant happened to be a government servant (bhritaka), he was to be given only one twelfth of the total amount.
( WHISTLE BLOWER ACT)
10. Kautilya also proposed a number of measures to avoid cases of corruption arising at all. Several positions in each department were to be made temporary.
11. Kautilya also favoured the periodic transfer of government servants from one place to another. This was done with the intention of not giving them enough time to pick holes in the system and manipulate it to their advantage.
( TRANSFER)
12.Kautilya also talked about an intra-departmental, self-scrutinising mechanism under the headship of chief officer (adhikarna) to detect and deter imminent cases of corruption.
( ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL)
first of all, a very warm welcome on blogs..
ReplyDeletekautilyas arthshashtra is one of the best given till now and you represented it very butifully..